The Saga of the Patarenes

The middle of the 11th century was a time of crisis and reform i...
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Revisiting Dictatus Papae

During the Investiture Conflict over the rights and prerogatives...
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Gregory VII and the Reform of Penance

The term "Gregorian Reform" i...
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Propriae auctoritates apostolicae sedis

The 11th century was an extremely fruitful time for debate and t...
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